C is for coral
Caldera: the depression of the supervolcano marking the collapsed magma chamber
Call centres: offices where groups of people work responding to telephone queries from customers. Employees sit in front of a computer monitor giving them information that they use in their answers to questions
Capital intensive: farming to achieve maximum production through buying fuel, fertilisers and buildings that will allow maximum output
Carbonation: weathering of limestone and chalk be acidic rainwater
Carbon credits: a means of trading carbon between organisations or countries in order to meet an overall target
Carbon emissions: carbon dioxide given off from the building of fossil fuels from driving cars or generating electricity
Carbon footprint: the amount of carbon generated by things people do, including creating a demand for out-of-season food
Carbon sink: forests are carbon sinks because trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They help to address the problems of global warming
Carbon trading: rich economically developed countries can buy carbon credits from poorer countries, by helping them to modernise old, inefficient power stations
Carnivore: meat eater
Carr woodland: forms when shallow water or fen is left unmanaged and small shrubs and trees start to grow
Case mortality rate: the number of people dying from a disease divided by the number of those diagnosed having the disease
Cave: a hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff
Cavern: a large underground cave
Cement: mortar used in building, made from crushed limestone and shale
Central Business District (CBD): the main shopping and service area in a city. Usually found in the middle of the city so that is usually accessible
Channel: the part of the river valley occupied by the water itself
Chemical weathering: the process where chemical reactions change or destroy minerals when rock comes into contact with water and/or air
City Challenge: an approach to improve the inner city started in the 1990’s which was holistic and involved local people and local authorities
Clear felling: absolute clearance of all trees from an area
Climatic climax vegetation: the vegetation that is thought to evolve in a climate region if the seral progression is not interrupted by human activity, tectonic processes, impeded drainage etc.
Climate: the average weather conditions of a place or an area over a period of 30 years or more
Climate change: long-term changes in the climate, such as cooling leading to an Ice Age or the current trend of global warming
Cold front: a boundary with warm air ahead of cold air
Collision plate margin: the meeting of two plates consisting of continental crust. They are both the same type of they met ‘head on’ and buckle
Commercial farming: farming with the intention of making a profit by selling crops and/or livestock
Comparison goods: goods that are bought les often everyday ‘convenience goods’. They include things such as clothes, shoes, electrical and household goods, for which people make special shopping trips so that they can compare prices, styles etc.
Composite volcano: a steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash
Conflict: a state of opposition, disagreement o incompatibility between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterised by physical violence. The disagreements are based on incompatible goals, needs, desires, values, beliefs and/or attitudes
Congestion charging: charging vehicles to enter cities, with the aim of reducing the use of vehicles
Conservation: the careful and planned use of resources in order to manage and maintain the natural environment for future generations
Conservation swaps: agreements made between countries where some debts are written off in exchange for conservation projects being done
Consumer: organisms that obtain their energy by eating other organisms
Constructive wave: a powerful wave with a strong swash that surges up a beach
Convection currents: the circular current of heat in the mantle
Continentality: the influence of the sea on climate. Inland areas well away from the coast have a continental climate
Corrasion: rocks and pebbles are flung at the cliff face breaking it down
Corrie: a bowl-shaped depression formed from the rotational slip movement of a glacier
Corrosion: dissolves carbonates in rocks as the water passes over
Counter-urbanisation: the process in which the population of cities actively falls as people move out beyond the rural-urban fringe into areas that are truly rural
Country of origin: the country from which a migration starts
Coriolis force: an effect that causes any body that moves freely with respect to the rotating earth to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
Crest: the top of a wave
Crop rotation: changing the use of a field regularly to help maintain soil fertility
Cross profile: a line that would represents what it would be like to walk from one side of a valley, across the channel and up the other side
Crude death rate: the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year
Crust: the outer layer of the earth
Curtain: a broad deposit of calcite usually formed when water emerges along a crack in a cavern
Cyclone: an atmospheric low-pressure system that gives rise to roughly circular inward-spiralling wind motion, called vorticity
Call centres: offices where groups of people work responding to telephone queries from customers. Employees sit in front of a computer monitor giving them information that they use in their answers to questions
Capital intensive: farming to achieve maximum production through buying fuel, fertilisers and buildings that will allow maximum output
Carbonation: weathering of limestone and chalk be acidic rainwater
Carbon credits: a means of trading carbon between organisations or countries in order to meet an overall target
Carbon emissions: carbon dioxide given off from the building of fossil fuels from driving cars or generating electricity
Carbon footprint: the amount of carbon generated by things people do, including creating a demand for out-of-season food
Carbon sink: forests are carbon sinks because trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They help to address the problems of global warming
Carbon trading: rich economically developed countries can buy carbon credits from poorer countries, by helping them to modernise old, inefficient power stations
Carnivore: meat eater
Carr woodland: forms when shallow water or fen is left unmanaged and small shrubs and trees start to grow
Case mortality rate: the number of people dying from a disease divided by the number of those diagnosed having the disease
Cave: a hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff
Cavern: a large underground cave
Cement: mortar used in building, made from crushed limestone and shale
Central Business District (CBD): the main shopping and service area in a city. Usually found in the middle of the city so that is usually accessible
Channel: the part of the river valley occupied by the water itself
Chemical weathering: the process where chemical reactions change or destroy minerals when rock comes into contact with water and/or air
City Challenge: an approach to improve the inner city started in the 1990’s which was holistic and involved local people and local authorities
Clear felling: absolute clearance of all trees from an area
Climatic climax vegetation: the vegetation that is thought to evolve in a climate region if the seral progression is not interrupted by human activity, tectonic processes, impeded drainage etc.
Climate: the average weather conditions of a place or an area over a period of 30 years or more
Climate change: long-term changes in the climate, such as cooling leading to an Ice Age or the current trend of global warming
Cold front: a boundary with warm air ahead of cold air
Collision plate margin: the meeting of two plates consisting of continental crust. They are both the same type of they met ‘head on’ and buckle
Commercial farming: farming with the intention of making a profit by selling crops and/or livestock
Comparison goods: goods that are bought les often everyday ‘convenience goods’. They include things such as clothes, shoes, electrical and household goods, for which people make special shopping trips so that they can compare prices, styles etc.
Composite volcano: a steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash
Conflict: a state of opposition, disagreement o incompatibility between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterised by physical violence. The disagreements are based on incompatible goals, needs, desires, values, beliefs and/or attitudes
Congestion charging: charging vehicles to enter cities, with the aim of reducing the use of vehicles
Conservation: the careful and planned use of resources in order to manage and maintain the natural environment for future generations
Conservation swaps: agreements made between countries where some debts are written off in exchange for conservation projects being done
Consumer: organisms that obtain their energy by eating other organisms
Constructive wave: a powerful wave with a strong swash that surges up a beach
Convection currents: the circular current of heat in the mantle
Continentality: the influence of the sea on climate. Inland areas well away from the coast have a continental climate
Corrasion: rocks and pebbles are flung at the cliff face breaking it down
Corrie: a bowl-shaped depression formed from the rotational slip movement of a glacier
Corrosion: dissolves carbonates in rocks as the water passes over
Counter-urbanisation: the process in which the population of cities actively falls as people move out beyond the rural-urban fringe into areas that are truly rural
Country of origin: the country from which a migration starts
Coriolis force: an effect that causes any body that moves freely with respect to the rotating earth to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
Crest: the top of a wave
Crop rotation: changing the use of a field regularly to help maintain soil fertility
Cross profile: a line that would represents what it would be like to walk from one side of a valley, across the channel and up the other side
Crude death rate: the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year
Crust: the outer layer of the earth
Curtain: a broad deposit of calcite usually formed when water emerges along a crack in a cavern
Cyclone: an atmospheric low-pressure system that gives rise to roughly circular inward-spiralling wind motion, called vorticity
Interesting Geographical fact
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyll
llantysiliogogogoch is the longest village name in the world (and third longest
geographical name). It is located in Wales!