E is for Evergreen
Earthquake: a sudden and often violent shift in the rocks forming the earth’s crust, which is felt at the surface
Eco-quarter: bids will be invited from local authorities for £15 million to ‘retrofit’ existing homes with energy-saving measures. Carbon-neutral shops, offices, etc. will be built alongside these houses to make a section of a town very energy efficient
Ecological niche: the place of each species within an ecosystem. This includes the space that it occupies and also the role it carries out within the community and its relationship with the other species living around it
Economic: relates to costs and finances a variety of scales, from individuals up to government
Economic core: the centre of a country or region economically, where businesses thrive, people have opportunities and are relatively wealthy. A highly developed area
Economic migrant: someone trying to improve their standard of living, who moves voluntarily
Economic periphery: the edge of a country or region in terms of economics. It may not physically be the edge, but is a more remote, difficult area where people tend to be poorer and have fewer opportunities. A less well-developed area
Ecosystem: the living and non-living components of an environment and the interrelationships that exist between them
Ecotourism: nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment
Electricity: a form of energy created from primary fuel sources. The National Grid supplies electricity throughout the UK. This is a network of high-voltage electric power lines between major power stations and cities, which can supply power on demand
El Nino effect: a periodic ‘blip’ in the usual global climatic characteristics caused by a short-term reduction in the intensity of the cold ocean current that normally exists off the west coast of South America. It results in unusual patterns of temperature and rainfall can lead to droughts and floods in certain parts of the world
Emigrant: someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country
Enterprise zones/assisted zones: areas that qualify for government help. Enterprise zones are on a smaller scale than assisted zones
Environmental: the impact on our surroundings, including the land, water and air as well as features of the built-up areas
Environmental lapse rate (ELR): he normal decline of temperature with altitude, usually about 6.4 degrees Celsius per 1,000m
Epicentre: the place on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus
Erosion: the sculpting of a landscape, for example by rivers, involving the removal of material ·
Vertical erosion: downwards erosion, for example when a river gouges out a deep valley ·
Lateral erosion: sideways erosion, for example in a river channel at the outside bend of a meander
Escarpment/cuesta: an outcrop of chalk made up of a steep carp slope and a more gentle dip slope
Esker: long ridges of material running in the direction of ice advance
Ethnic group: a group that is distinct from the rest of society and identified on the basis of religion, colour, cultural practices and/or national origin
European Union (EU): a group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market, i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers
Exponential growth: a pattern where the growth rate constantly increases – often shown as a J-curve graph
Extrusive rocks: igneous rock formed by the crystallisation of magma above the surface of the Earth
Eutrophication: pollution of fresh water from agricultural waste or excess fertiliser run-off
Evaporation: water being heated and turning into water vapour
Evapotranspiration: the combined losses of moisture through evaporation and transpiration. Evaporation is the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, water bodies and canopy interception. Transpiration is the loss of water from plants through their stomata. Potential evaporation is the water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply of water in the soil. It is high in the desert regions because the amount of water that could be lost is greater than the amount of water actually available.
Exfoliation: flaking of the outer surface of rocks mainly caused by repeated cycles of hot and cold
Extreme environments: location with particularly difficult environments where development of tourism has only recently occurred due o a niche market demand for somewhere different with physical challenges
Extreme weather: a weather event such as a flash flood or severe snowstorm that is significantly different from the average
Eyewall: tropical storms will typically have an eye approximately 30-65km across, usually situated in the geometric centre of the storm. With some storms, particularly when wind speeds exceed 185km/9h, the diameter of the eye narrows to less than 20km and a cycle of eyewall replacement may begin. Outer rain bands intensify into a ring of thunderstorms to become an outer eyewall, which steadily rob the original eyewall and eventually lave a larger, more stable eye. The temporary weakening of the storm during eyewall replacement is followed by a gradual strengthening once replacement is complete.
Eco-quarter: bids will be invited from local authorities for £15 million to ‘retrofit’ existing homes with energy-saving measures. Carbon-neutral shops, offices, etc. will be built alongside these houses to make a section of a town very energy efficient
Ecological niche: the place of each species within an ecosystem. This includes the space that it occupies and also the role it carries out within the community and its relationship with the other species living around it
Economic: relates to costs and finances a variety of scales, from individuals up to government
Economic core: the centre of a country or region economically, where businesses thrive, people have opportunities and are relatively wealthy. A highly developed area
Economic migrant: someone trying to improve their standard of living, who moves voluntarily
Economic periphery: the edge of a country or region in terms of economics. It may not physically be the edge, but is a more remote, difficult area where people tend to be poorer and have fewer opportunities. A less well-developed area
Ecosystem: the living and non-living components of an environment and the interrelationships that exist between them
Ecotourism: nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment
Electricity: a form of energy created from primary fuel sources. The National Grid supplies electricity throughout the UK. This is a network of high-voltage electric power lines between major power stations and cities, which can supply power on demand
El Nino effect: a periodic ‘blip’ in the usual global climatic characteristics caused by a short-term reduction in the intensity of the cold ocean current that normally exists off the west coast of South America. It results in unusual patterns of temperature and rainfall can lead to droughts and floods in certain parts of the world
Emigrant: someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country
Enterprise zones/assisted zones: areas that qualify for government help. Enterprise zones are on a smaller scale than assisted zones
Environmental: the impact on our surroundings, including the land, water and air as well as features of the built-up areas
Environmental lapse rate (ELR): he normal decline of temperature with altitude, usually about 6.4 degrees Celsius per 1,000m
Epicentre: the place on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus
Erosion: the sculpting of a landscape, for example by rivers, involving the removal of material ·
Vertical erosion: downwards erosion, for example when a river gouges out a deep valley ·
Lateral erosion: sideways erosion, for example in a river channel at the outside bend of a meander
Escarpment/cuesta: an outcrop of chalk made up of a steep carp slope and a more gentle dip slope
Esker: long ridges of material running in the direction of ice advance
Ethnic group: a group that is distinct from the rest of society and identified on the basis of religion, colour, cultural practices and/or national origin
European Union (EU): a group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market, i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers
Exponential growth: a pattern where the growth rate constantly increases – often shown as a J-curve graph
Extrusive rocks: igneous rock formed by the crystallisation of magma above the surface of the Earth
Eutrophication: pollution of fresh water from agricultural waste or excess fertiliser run-off
Evaporation: water being heated and turning into water vapour
Evapotranspiration: the combined losses of moisture through evaporation and transpiration. Evaporation is the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, water bodies and canopy interception. Transpiration is the loss of water from plants through their stomata. Potential evaporation is the water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply of water in the soil. It is high in the desert regions because the amount of water that could be lost is greater than the amount of water actually available.
Exfoliation: flaking of the outer surface of rocks mainly caused by repeated cycles of hot and cold
Extreme environments: location with particularly difficult environments where development of tourism has only recently occurred due o a niche market demand for somewhere different with physical challenges
Extreme weather: a weather event such as a flash flood or severe snowstorm that is significantly different from the average
Eyewall: tropical storms will typically have an eye approximately 30-65km across, usually situated in the geometric centre of the storm. With some storms, particularly when wind speeds exceed 185km/9h, the diameter of the eye narrows to less than 20km and a cycle of eyewall replacement may begin. Outer rain bands intensify into a ring of thunderstorms to become an outer eyewall, which steadily rob the original eyewall and eventually lave a larger, more stable eye. The temporary weakening of the storm during eyewall replacement is followed by a gradual strengthening once replacement is complete.
Interesting Geographical fact
The Vatican city is the smallest country in the
world at only 0.2 square miles. That is smaller than the average city!